;g dbZ :iksa esa ,d fof'k"V ikfjHkkf"kd dks'k gS A vcrd fgUnh esa lekt'kkL=k osQ mQij blls o`gÙkj 'kCndks'k dk çdk'ku lEHko ugha gks ik;k gS A ;g iqLrd ek=k vkdkj dh n`f"V ls gh fof'k"V ugha gS] cfYd blesa oqQN vU; [kwfc;k¡ Hkh gSa A lekt'kkL=k osQ mQij vcrd tks Hkh ikfjHkkf"kd dks'k çdkf'kr gks ik;k gS] muesa vuqokn] rF;] mPpkj.k ,oa oÙkZuh lEcfUèkr vufxur dfe;k¡ ns[kus dks feyrh gSa A vr% blesa 'kCnksa osQ vuqokn] orZuh] uohure rF; ,oa mPpkj.k ij dkiQh vuqlUèkku dj fdlh vfUre fu.kZ; ij igq¡pk x;k gS A ;gk¡ bl ckr dh iwjh dksf'k'k dh xbZ gS fd 'kCnksa osQ lgh mPpkj.k osQ lkFk&lkFk lekt'kkL=k dh uohure vUroZLrq dks è;ku esa j[kdj vuqokn o fo'ys"k.k fd;s tk;¡ A

vkWDliQksMZ ;wfuoflZVh çsl rFkk Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk çdkf'kr fofHk lkekU; ,oa rduhdh 'kCndks'kksa] gjnso ckgjh }kjk jfpr v¡X+kjs”kh&fgUnh ikfjHkkf"kd 'kCndks'k ,oa iQknj dkfey cqYosQ }kjk jfpr v¡X+kjs”kh&fgUnh dks'k dks è;ku esa j[kdj bl 'kCndks'k dh jpuk lekt'kkL=k osQ ,d ekud 'kCndks'k osQ :i esa djus dh ps"Vk dh xbZ gS A ysfdu] bl 'kCndks'k esa vufxur ,sls  'kCn vo'; gSa] tks mi;qZDr 'kCndks'kksa ;k lekt'kkL=k osQ fdlh Hkh 'kCndks'k esa vcrd 'kkfey ugha gks ik;s gSa A bl 'kCndks'k esa oSls vufxur 'kCnksa dks 'kkfey fd;k x;k gS] ftudk lEcUèk ewy:i ls ,f'k;kbZ ns'kksa dh lkekftd O;oLFkk ,oa laLo`Qfr ls gS A ik'pkR; ns'kksa ls çdkf'kr lekt'kkL=k 'kCndks'kksa esa oSls 'kCnksa dks njfdukj dj fn;k tkrk gS] blosQ ckotwn fd os mu ns'kksa osQ lekt'kkL=k dh n`f"V ls dkiQh egÙoiw.kZ gSa A    

;gk¡ bl ckr dh iwjh ps"Vk dh xbZ gS fd çR;sd n`f"V ls ;g fgUnh esa ,d ekud ikfjHkkf"kd dks'k çekf.kr gks] rkfd fgUnh rFkk lekt'kkL=k nksuksa foèkkvksa dh leqfpr lsok gks losQ A ikBdksa dh lqfoèkk osQ fy, tfVy&ls&tfVy fopkjksa vkSj 'kCnksa dks lgt] ljy vkSj ljl <ax ls j[kuss dh Hkjld dksf'k'k dh xbZ gS A fooknkLin rF;ksa vkSj fopkjksa dks fu"i{k ,oa oLrqijd <ax ls j[kus dh iwjh dksf'k'k dh x;h gS A lHkh çdkj osQ ikBd] ;Fkkµ fo|kFkhZ] f'k{kd] i=kdkj] ys[kd vkfn bls ,d vkfèkdkfjd o`Qfr osQ :i esa ç;ksx esa yk ldrs gSa A

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MkWú tsú ihú flag] ,eú,ú (iVuk foú)_ ,eúfiQyú (tsú,uú;wú)_ ih&,púMhú (tula[;k'kkL=k)]
(vkWLVªsfy;u us'kuy ;qfuoflZVh] oSQucsjk)] iwoZ izksisQlj] LukrdksÙkj lekt'kkL=k foHkkx ,oa vfrfjDr funs'kd] tula[;k 'kksèk laLFkku] iVuk fo'ofo|ky;] iVukA funs'kd (mPp f'k{kk)] fcgkj ljdkj rFkk izksokblpkalyj] iVuk fo'ofo|ky; osQ :i esa ;ksxnku dk vuqHkoA  ys[kd dks yxHkx 100 vuqlUèkku i=k rFkk 40 iqLrdksa dh jpuk dk ,d u;k dhfrZeku çkIr gSA ekuo'kkL=k 'kCndks'k] vkèkqfud Hkkjr dk lekt] lekt'kkL=k % ,d ifjp;] lkekftd vuqlUèkku dh fofèk;k¡] Contemporary Sociological Theories, A Comprehensive Dictionary of Sociology (Vol. I & II) rFkk Handbook of Indian Demography budh izeq[k Ñfr;ksa esa ls gSaA